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ca. 25 January 1843. Concord, Mass.

Thoreau writes to Lucy Jackson Brown:

Dear Friend,—

  Mrs. Emerson asks me to write you a letter, which she will put into her bundle to-morrow along the “Tribunes” and “Standards,” and miscellanies, and what not, to make an assortment. But what shall I write? You live a good way off, and I don’t know that I have anything which will bear sending so far. But I am mistaken, or rather impatient when I say this,—for we all have a gift to send, not only when the year begins, but as long as interest and memory last. I don’t know whether you have got the many I have sent you, or rather whether you were quite sure where they came from. I mean the letters I have sometimes launched off eastward in my thought; but if you have been happier at one time than another, think that then you received them. But this that I now send you is of another sort. It will go slowly, drawn by horses over muddy roads, and lose much of its little value by the way. You may have to pay for it, and it may not make you happy after all. But what shall be my new-year’s gift, then? Why, I will send you my still fresh remembrance of the hours I have passed with you here, for I find in the remembrance of them the best gift you have left to me. We are poor and sick creatures at best; but we can have well memories, and sound and healthy thoughts of one another still, and an intercourse may be remembered which was without blur, and above us both.

  Perhaps you may like to know of my estate nowadays. As usual, I find it harder to account for the happiness I enjoy, than for the sadness which instructs me occasionally. If the little of this last which visits me would only be sadder, it would be happier. One while I am vexed by a sense of meanness; one while I simply wonder at the mystery of life; and at another, and at another, seem to rest on my oars, as if propelled by propitious breezes from I know not what quarter. But for the most part I am an idle, inefficient, lingering (one term will do as well as another, where all are true and none true enough) member of the great commonwealth, who have most need of my own charity,—if I could not be charitable and indulgent to myself, perhaps as good a subject for my own satire as any. You see how when I come to talk of myself, I soon run dry, for I would fain make that a subject which can be no subject for me, at least not till I have the grace to rule myself.

  I do not venture to say anything about your griefs, for it would be unnatural for me to speak as if I grieved with you, when I think I do not. If I were to see you, it might be otherwise. But I know you will pardon the trivialness of this letter; and I only hope—as I know that you have reason to be so—that you are still happier than you are sad, and that you remember that the smallest seed of faith is of more worth than the largest fruit of happiness. I have no doubt that out of S[ophia Brown]’s death you sometimes draw sweet consolation, not only for that, but for long-standing griefs, and may find some things made smooth by it, which before were rough.

  I wish you would communicate with me, and not think me unworthy to know any of your thoughts. Don’t think me unkind because I have not written to you. I confess it was for so poor a reason as that you almost made a principle of not answering. I could not speak truly with this ugly fact in the way; and perhaps I wished to be assured, by such evidence as you could not voluntarily give, that it was a kindness. For every glance at the moon, does she not send me an answering ray? Noah would hardly have done himself the pleasure to release his dove, if she had not been about to come back to him with tidings of green islands amid the waste.

  But these are far-fetched reasons. I am not speaking directly enough to yourself now; so let me say directly

From your friend,
Henry D. Thoreau.

(The Correspondence of Henry David Thoreau, 79-81)
ca. 25 May to June 1835. Cambridge, Mass.

Thoreau copies extracts from Outre-mer; a pilgrimage beyond the sea by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, likely borrowed from the library of the Institute of 1770, into a notebook (The Transcendentalists and Minerva, 1:133-9, 42-3).

ca. 4 June 1835. Cambridge, Mass.

Thoreau copies extracts from The Crayon miscellany. No. 2 containing: Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey by Washington Irving, likely borrowed from the library of the Institute of 1770, into a notebook (The Transcendentalists and Minerva, 1:140-2).

ca. 6 November 1839. Concord, Mass.

Ralph Waldo Emerson writes in his journal:

  I fancied that W’s [Samuel Gray Ward] objection to the verses which pleased me so much was really leveled against ethical verses & not against these particular strains. “There was no progress.” Very well, the moral poet is subjective, & every sentence of his a round poem.
(Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 7:293)
ca. December 1836.

Thoreau writes in his journal on 22 December 1837:

  About a year ago, having set aside a bowl which had contained some rhubarb grated in water, without wiping it, I was astonished to find, a few days afterward, that the rhubarb had crystallized, covering the bottom of the bowl with perfect cubes, of the color and consistency of glue, and a tenth of an inch in diameter.
(Journal, 1:21)
ca. early September 1837. Concord, Mass.

Thoreau teaches at the Concord Center School for about two weeks, but resigns abruptly when Deacon Nehemiah Ball orders corporal punishment as a means to quiet an unruly class. The incident is recalled by several sources:

  Another early experience was the town school in Concord, which he took after leaving college, announcing that he should not flog, but would talk morals as a punishment instead. A fortnight sped glibly along, when a knowing deacon, one of the School Committee, walked in and told Mr. Thoreau that he must flog and use the ferule, or the school would spoil. So he did,—feruling six of his pupils after school, one of whom was the maid-servant in his own house. But it did not suit well with his conscience, and he reported to the committee that he should no longer keep their school, if they interfered with his arrangements; and they could keep it.
(Thoreau, the poet-naturalist (1902), 32-3)
  To teach was the work that usually offered itself to the hand of a country youth fresh from college. Failing to find at once a better opportunity afar, Thoreau took charge of the Town School in Concord, but, it is said, proving heretical as to Solomon’s maxim concerning the rod, did not satisfy the Committeeman, who was a deacon. Deacon —– sat through one session with increasing disapproval, waiting for corporal chastisement, the corner-stone of a sound education, and properly reproved the teacher. The story which one of Thoreau’s friends told me was, that with a queer humour,—he was very young,—he, to avoid taking the town’s money, without giving the expected equivalent, in the afternoon punished six children, and that evening resigned the place where such methods were required. One of the pupils, then a little boy, who is still living, all through life has cherished his grievance, not understanding the cause. But we may be sure his punishment would not have been cruel, for Henry Thoreau always liked and respected children. Later this pupil came to know and like him. He said “he seemed the sort of a man that wouldn’t willingly hurt a fly,” and, except on this occasion, had shown himself mild and kindly.
(Henry Thoreau, as Remembered by a Young Friend (1917), 20-1)
. . . I’d just come from the district school, where I had a woman teacher. Now the women teachers taught, when we’d finished with a lesson, to put away our books and fold our arms . . . Well, the rule at the Academy was that a boy should always have a book before him. First thing I knew, Henry Thoreau called me up and thrashed me. He thrashed 12 other boys that day, 13 in all, and resigned the day after.

  I didn’t understand the reason for this then, but I found out later. It seems he’d been taken to task by someone—I think it was Deacon Ball—for not using the rod enough. So Thoreau thought he’d give the other way a thorough trial, and he did, for one day. The next day he said he wouldn’t keep the school any longer, if that was the way he had to do it.

  When I went to my seat, I was so mad that I said to myself: “When I’m grown up, I’ll whip you for this, old feller.” But . . . I never saw the day I wanted to do it.—why Henry Thoreau was the kindest hearted of men.

(Allen French, Interview with Daniel F. Potter)

The incident is also alluded to in an annual school committee report, published the following year:

  In regard to schools generally, the past year your Committee have the satisfaction to report favorably. While some have been eminently successful, and are models for any schools of the kind, none have fallen below mediocrity. We would however mention an interruption in the Fall term of the centre grammar school, and the winter term, of district No. 4, which was occasioned by a change of masters and produced the usual evil attendant on that event.
(Yeoman’s Gazette, 14 April 1838:2)

Prudence Ward writes to her sister Caroline Ward Sewall on 25 September:

  Henry only kept the School a week or two and gave it up. The Committee thinks that a school cannot be governed without occasional resort to corporeal punishment, and H.—whipped one or two, but finding it against his conscience and thinking the surveillance of such a Committee wouldn’t be comfortable—as it would be impossible at first, and perhaps never, to keep the school as still as they would require on his plan—he gave up, and means to get an academy or private school where he can have his own way.
(transcription in The Thoreau Society Archives at the Thoreau Institute at Walden Woods; MS, private owner)
ca. June 1837. Cambridge, Mass.

Thoreau writes an autobiography for his class book (Early Essays and Miscellanies, 113-115; MS, pp. 105 and 106, Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, Mass.).

ca. November 1836. Cambridge, Mass.

Thoreau writes a book review of The history of the progress and termination of the Roman republic by Adam Ferguson (Early Essays and Miscellanies, 63-6).

Circa 10 July 1847. Concord, Mass.

Ralph Waldo Emerson writes in his journal:

  T. sometimes appears only as a gen d’arme, good to know down a cockney with, but without that power to cheer & establish, which makes the value of a friend (The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 10:106-107).
Circa 14 March 1851. Pittsfield, Mass.

Nathaniel Hawthorne visits Herman Melville:

  March weather prevented walks abroad, so the pair spent most of the week in smoking and talking metaphysics in the barn,—Hawthorne usually lounging upon a carpenter’s bench. When he was leaving, he jocosely declared he would write a report of their psychological discussion for publication in a book to be called ‘A Week on a Work-Bench in a Barn,’ the title being a travesty upon that of Thoreau’s then recent book, ‘A Week on the Concord River.’”
(Literary shrines; the haunts of some famous American authors (1895), 191)

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