Thoreau writes in his journal:
Thoreau charges out Morton’s New English Canaan … Abstract of New England from Harvard Library (Cameron 1964, 291).
Thoreau writes in his journal:
Thoreau writes in his journal:
It is a remarkably cold day for March, and the river, etc., are frozen as solidly as in the winter and there is no water to be seen upon the ice, as usually in a winter day, apparently because it has chiefly run out from beneath on the meadows and left the ice, for often, as you walk over the meadows, it sounds hollow under your tread . . .
Thoreau also lectures on “Autumnal Tints” for the Concord Lyceum (Studies in the American Renaissance 1996, 297-8).
Ellen Emerson writes to her sister Edith on 3 March:
Thoreau writes in his journal:
2 P.M.—Thermometer 50º. To Witherell Glade via Clamshell; thence to Hubbard’s Close . . .
C. [William Ellery Channing] has seen good bæomyces (?) lately. There is none however at Bæomyces Bank. In Hosmer’s ditches in the moraine meadow, the grass just peeps above the surface, apparently begun to grow a little . . .
Hayden thinks he has seen bluebirds for a fortnight!! Say that he has possibly for a week (?), and that will agree with Wheeler. Ed. Hoar says he heard a phœbe February 27th . . .
Thoreau borrows $10 from Ralph Waldo Emerson to travel to Maine in search of a teaching position (Ralph Waldo Emerson journals and notebooks (MS Am 1280H, Series I, 112). Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.).
Emerson also writes a letter of recommendation for Thoreau to take on his Maine job search:
Prudence Ward writes to her sister, Caroline Ward Sewall:
Thoreau writes his poem “Wachusett” in his journal:
Wachusett, who like me
Standest alone without society.
Thy far blue eye,
A remnant of the sky,
Seen through the clearing or the gorge,
Or from the windows of the forge,
Doth leaven all it passes by.
. . .
Elizabeth Hoar writes to Thoreau:
The rain prevented me from seeing you the night before I came away, to leave with you a parting assurance of good will and good hope. We have become better acquainted within the two past years than in our whole life as schoolmates and neighbors before; and I am unwilling to let you go away without telling you that I, among your other friends, shall miss you much, and follow you with remembrance and all best wishes and confidence. Will you take this little inkstand and try if it will carry ink safely from Concord to Staten Island? and the pen, which, if you can write with steel, may be made sometimes the interpreter of friendly thoughts to those whom you leave beyond the reach of your voice,—or record the inspirations of Nature, who, I doubt not, will be as faithful to you who trust her in the sea-girt Staten Island as in Concord woods and meadows. Good-bye, and εὗ πραττειν [fare well], which, a wise man says, is the only salutation fit for the wise.
Truly your friend,
E. Hoar.
“Elizabeth Hoar, daughter of Concord’s most prominent family, had long time been an intimate friend of the Emersons, through whom she became more familiar with her old schoolmate Thoreau.”
Thoreau writes in reply to H. G. O. Blake’s letter of 27 March, beginning:
There is not one kind of food for all men, You must and you will feed those faculties which you exercise. The laborer whose boy is weary does not require the same good with the scholar whose brain is weary. Men should not labor foolishly like brutes, the the brain and the body should always, or as much as possible, work and rest together, and then the work will be of such a kind that when the body is hungry the brain will be hungry also, and the same food will suffice for both; otherwise; otherwise the food which repairs the waste energy of the over-wrought body will oppress the secondary brain, and the degenerate scholar will come to esteem all food vulgar, and all getting living drudgery.
How shall we earn our bread is a grave question; yet it is a sweet and inviting question. Let us not shirk it, as is usually done. It is the most important and practical question which is put to man. Let us not answer it hastily. Let us not be content to get our bread in some fross, careless, and hasty manner. Some men go a-hunting, some men go a-fishing, some a-gaming, some to war; but none have so pleasant a time as they who in earnest seek to earn their break. It is true actually as it is true really; it is true materially as it is true spiritually, that they who seek honestly and sincerely, with all their hearts and lives and strengths, to earn their bread, do earn it, and it is sure to be very sweet to them A very little bread,—a very few crumbs are enough, if it be of the right quality, for it is infinitely nutritious. Let each man, then, earn at last a crumb of bread for his body before he dies, and know the taste of it,—the it is identical with the bread of life, and that they both go down at one swallow.
Our bread need not ever be sour or hard to digest. What Nature is to the mind she is also to the body. As she feeds my imagination, she will feed my body; for what she says she means, and is ready to do. She is not simply beautiful to the poet’s eye. Not only the rainbow and the sunset are beautiful, but to be fed and clothed, sheltered and warmed aright, are equally beautiful and inspiring. There is not necessarily any gross and ugly fact which may not be eradicated from the life of man. We should endeavor practically in our lives to correct all the defects which our imagination detects. The heavens are as deep as our aspirations are high. So high as a tree apries to grow, so high it will find an atmosphere suited to it. Every man should stand for a force which is perfectly irresistible. How can any man be weak who dares to be all? Even the tenderest plants force their way up through the hardest earth and the crevices of rocks; but a man no material power can resist. What a wedge, what a beetle, what a catapult, is an earnest man! What can resist him?
It is a momentous fact that a man may be good, or he man be bad; his life may be true, or it may be false; it may be either a shame or a glory to him. The good man builds himself up; the bad man destroys himself.
But whatever we do we must do it confidently (if we are timid, let us then, act timidly), not expecting more light, but having light enough. If we confidently expect more, then let us wait for it. But what is this which we have? Have we not already waited? Is this the beginning of time? Is there a man who does not see clearly beyond, though only a hair’s breadth beyond where he at any time stands?
If one hesitates in his path, let him not proceed. Let him respect his doubts, too, may have some divinity in them. That we have but little faith is not sad, but that we have but little faithfulness. By faithfulness faith is earned. When, in the progress of a life, a man swerves, though only by an angle infinitely small, from his proper and allotted path (and this is never done quite unconsciously even at first; in fact, that was his board and scarlet sin,—ah, he knew of it more than he can tell), then the drama of his life turns to tragedy, and makes haste to its fifth act. When once we thus fall behind ourselves, there is no accounting for the obstacles which rise up in our path, and no one is so wise as to advise, and no one so powerful as to aid us while we abide on that ground. Such are cursed with duties, and other far more voluminous and terrible codes.
These departures,—who have not made them?—for they are as faint as the parallax of a fixed star, and at the commencement we say they are nothing,—that is, they originate in a kind of sleep and forgetfulness of the soul when it is naught. A man cannot be too circumspect in order to keep in the straight road, and be sure that he sees all that he may at any time see, that so he may distinguish his true path.
You ask if there is no doctrine of sorrow in my philosophy, Of acute sorrow I suppose that I know comparatively little. My saddest and most genuine sorrows are apt to be but transient regrets. The place of sorrow is supplied, perchance, by a certain hard and proportionally barren indifference. I am of kin to the sod, and partake largely of its dull patience,—in winter expecting the sun of spring. In my cheapest moments I am apt to think that it is not my business to be “seeking the spirit,” but as much its business to be seeking me. I know very well that the Goethe meant when he said that he never had chagrin but he made a poem out of it. I have altogether too much patience of this kind. I am too easily contented with a slight and almost animal happiness. My happiness is a good deal like that of the woodchucks.
Methinks I am never quite committed, never wholly the creature of my moods, being always to some extent their critic, My only integral experience is in my vision. I see, perchance, with more integrity than I feel.
But I need not to tell you what manner of man I am,—my virtues or my vices. You can guess if it worth the while; and I do not discriminate them well.
I do not this at my hut in the woods. I am at present living with Mrs. Emerson, whose house is an old home of mine, for company during Mr. Emerson’s absence.
You will perceive that I am as often talking to myself, perhaps as speaking to you.
Read Letters to Harrison Gray Otis Blake edited by Wendell Glick (from Great Short Works of Henry David Thoreau edited, with an introduction, by Wendell Glick (New York: Harper & Row, 1982).
The Palladium reviews Thoreau’s lecture of 28 April:
Ralph Waldo Emerson pays Thoreau $2.50 for working on his buckthorn hedge (Ralph Waldo Emerson’s account books. Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.).
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